Questions and comments may be addressed to:
R T Mahuta, Director
MAOR3055@Waikato.ac.nz
MISSION STATEMENT
The Centre was established to:
The objectives of the Centre are to:
Professor W G Malcolm, Vice-Chancellor
Mr R T Mahuta, Director
Dr H Bennett
Mr C Edwards
Mrs M Hohaia
Mrs G Te Heuheu
Mr W Mauriohooho
Whanganui River Maaori Trust Board
Te Ruunanganui o Ngaati Kahungunu
Wairoa-Waikaremoana Maaori Trust Board
Te Ruunanganui-o-Tuuranga-nui-a-Kiwa
Te Ruunanga o Ngaati Porou
Te Ruunanga o Te Whaanau-a-Apanui
Whakatoohea Maaori Trust Board
Ngaati Awa Maaori Trust Board
Tauranga Moana Maaori Trust Board
Tuuhoe-Waikaremoana Maaori Trust Board
Te Arawa Maaori Trust Board
Tuuwharetoa Maaori Trust Board
Ngaati Raukawa Trust Board
Maniapoto Maaori Trust Board
Hauraki Maaori Trust Board
Tainui Maaori Trust Board
Professor John J. Cove Ph.D (Carleton) (to June 1993)Sabbatical
Nicholas Edward Flanders Ph.D (Dartmouth College) (to December 1993)Fulbright Scholar
Waea Mauriohooho
E te Tumuaki,
Ngaa mema o Te Roopu Manukura, ngaa maataawaka e tau nei. Teenaa koutou.
This report begins with a tribute to Charles (Pumi) Tauhou Taituha who was a senior kaumaatua and main speaker for Tainui. Pumi had a lengthy association with the Centre providing kaumaatua guidance and services in a range of activities associated with it s work. Over the years he participated in many of the University's ceremonial occasions where kaumaatua were required. The Centre relied upon his knowledge and expertise often and he will be greatly missed.
Nooreira e Pumi, ka nui te mamae moou kua wehe atu nei i a maatou. Haere ki te uurunga tee taka, ki te moenga tee whakaarahia. Hoki atu ki ngaa tuupuna, ki too taatou kaihanga. Haere e te rangatira, haere.
Each year the work of the Centre is like a test sample or assay of what has been happening in Maaori development generally.
Being an election year, progress slowed as the politicians consolidated their last two years of policy-making and implementation and tried to keep the electoral boat from rocking. Yet beneath the surface calm there has been a great deal going on.
The most obvious major event has been the establishment of an operational regime for Maaori involvement in the fishing industry. After a series of delays, intensive lobbying and consultative hui, settlement was finally reached and the new Commission left to get on with the task of addressing unresolved issues as well as seeing that the assets are managed well. This process revealed that Maaori themselves have yet to really do the work that will construct a reliable, stable cooperative basis for modern tri bal enterprises. The challenge for Maaori will be to ensure a smooth transition to modern asset management and development.
Another cause for delay was the indecision which hung over the claims negotiation process. Government sought to limit the process by seeking to impose a time cut-off point and by imposing a financial cap within which all claims must be settled. Some Maao ri found neither limit acceptable and would not commit future generations. Others took a realist view that no government can bind the future so finally and that the deals should be done within the defined limits of the day and the future to be left to tho se who will reside there.
The ghosts of deals past, from the forced land sales of the open chequebook era of the late nineteenth century to the establishment of the major Trust Boards, are a record of the dangers of accepting such limits. The extinguishing of aboriginal rights is seen as the equivalent of a "final solution" and is the key sought by government before it allows Maaori to participate and develop in any real way. Government has not been obliged to make progress which well suited the situation where its own forces cont ained varied opinions. In this year no critical factor brought decision into this process and thus the result was slow progress.
Similarly the claims process before the Waitangi Tribunal slowed. The Tribunal has set standards for pre-hearing preparation of evidence which have absorbed resources and time. Urgency on issues of the day has deflected resources from the hearing of major claims. Policy decisions to group claims, so that there will be less redundancy and greater efficiency in claim preparation, puts much of the work in-house and removes it from day-to-day contact with the separate claimants. The Tribunal has added a negot iational role to its activities that has as yet ill-defined dimensions and may compete with its original and primary purpose.
The time may well have come when another agency charged with the task of administering the settlement of claims is necessary.
Certainly Maaori interests have followed with attentive watchfulness the consequences of the Mabo decision in Australia, the operations there of the Council of Reconciliation and similarities in the processes of claims and settlements.
The year has been marked by considerable activity and progress in other areas that are indicative of an important trend. The activities are the commercial operations of major Maaori enterprises and corporates. These have emerged as important operators in the commercial world generally. The big ones have earned their spurs and respect out there in that marketplace which the politicians keep saying is the rule. If that is so Maaori are there now but there is a difference. This year has seen groupings of M aaori controlled corporates and tribal interests who may seem like commercial groupings with common interest but which are also the emergent new equivalent of tribal confederations, associations or liaisons of the past.
In this new environment the fashioning of accords, consortia and other expressions of common agreement, management or collective strategies has become the most active and dramatic feature of current Maaori development.
All this begins to change the direction of the vision from the fixated gaze upon government and its machinery toward the financial opportunities which arise between the tribal corporates and the institutions and houses of the marketplace. These alliances are now crucial. Maaori economic development is now a face and a presence that is attracting commercial attention. The credibility gap which denied the people access to development finance has narrowed, and there is now a basis for trust with some of the biggest operators in the banking and financial arena.
A decade has made a world of difference because Maaori now have growing strength in their young professionals. Some are working within Maaori development, others are independent financial advisors or are setting up as consultants. Of course there are dan gers attendant upon all this. Whenever the kahawai swarm the sharks will gather. The new generation of entrepreneurial administrators, managers and consultants is like a new club. Perhaps this time it is the sharks who should be aware!
Given this new environment, what has been the response of the Centre? The Centre has not found it radically new because it has been advocating, training, advising and assisting in these developments for over a decade. What is new is the rapid growth in th e number of young Maaori professionals and managers in the expansion of new business ventures and in the sophistication of investment operations.
The other major external events of the year, the elections and referendum on proportional representation, will certainly begin to shape the year ahead. Both promise a time of caution of government proposals and pressure on mainstream government department s to respond to Maaori initiatives. Health and education will continue to be chief amongst these. The preferred mechanism for Maaori is the establishment of stand-alone local Maaori authorities so that development in these areas will not be captured by si ngle tribal interests and to separate state funded programmes from the asset recovery and management process.
The Centre focussed upon electoral reform two years ago. The new statutory provisions retain the guarantee of separate Maaori seats and provide for increase in these seats according to the numbers who register on the Maaori roll. There are now calls for M aaori to transfer from the general roll. In addition, all parties will be aware of the need to add Maaori candidates not only in general seats but also to the lists from which the proportional representatives will be selected. The priority for research w ithin the Centre might now be to assess the political implications of the new situation.
There has probably not been a year in which the Centre staff engaged in more conference, seminar, lecture and hui presentations. These are listed within this report, and there were more where attendance proved useful and the input was less formal. Much of this activity reflects a general and growing desire on the part of professional organisations to incorporate Maaori perspectives into their operations or include regular methods into their charters and procedures giving effect to Treaty recognition or to a bicultural viewpoint. Every conference requires much time in preparation, prior consultation, marshalling the requisite information and researching the topic. This is a considerable load, and the Centre does not usually receive recompense for it. This report allows the Centre to record this considerable public service.
Centre staff continued to assist the Tainui Maaori Trust Board in preparation of its claim and negotiations with government over the possibility of a raupatu settlement. Until the Crown determines the process of how it will deal with all Maaori claims pro gress towards a negotiated settlement will be slow. The processes remain unclear and it may be timely for a total review external to all of the players. Perhaps something of the status of a Royal Commission is needed. This year, however, did see the forma l return to Tainui of the former military bases at Hopuhopu and Te Rapa.
During this year the Centre has been involved in the following claims before the Waitangi Tribunal:
It could be viewed that the recent decision on the question of the sale of Crown shares in the Maaori Development Corporation takes the Tribunal into the arena of commercial decisions where it ought not to be. The decisions concerning rights to geothermal resources left Maaori owners in a worse position than if the matter had never been heard and ordinary commercial and resource consent factors prevailed.
The Centre said years ago that, if the Tribunal sought to be the arbiter of everything at large, it might well lose all credibility. The whole claims and negotiations process needs to be pulled into a tighter framework, subjected to efficient criteria an d accountability, and clearly separated from the settlement process (for which some other agency needs to be constructed).
This year was the United Nations International Year of Indigenous People, and the Centre participated in international exchanges to commemorate the event. Centre staff and other representatives from the University of Waikato attended the International Co nference on Higher Education and Indigenous People in Vancouver and Anchorage, 25 May - 1 June and presented papers at this conference. One other staff member attended the International Indigenous Youth Conference in Darwin in July.
A student from Alaska was supervised by Centre staff while completing her student teaching at Ngaaruawaahia High School during September - December.
Centre staff assisted in organising a visit to New Zealand by 15 representatives of the Alaska Native Leadership Project in November and December.
Centre staff continued their assistance to the Education Committee of the Tainui Maaori Trust Board toward achieving the objectives of the Tainui Education Strategy. Involvement included hui for early childhood, primary, secondary and tertiary level educa tion and participation in a series of radio talkback sessions.
The Board allocated funds to five schools to enhance academic achievement of Maaori pupils and a Tainui student was the recipient of an Electricorp scholarship toward studies in the science field at the University of Waikato.
Other activities of the Education Committee included the preparation of a proposal to the Waikato Education Foundation for funding for a Tainui Education Resource Centre; preparation of a submission on Education for the 21st Century on behalf of the Board ; the nomination of Fred Kana to the Board of Studies, Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waikato; and a lecture to students in the Psychology Department.
Centre staff continued to support the development of the Training Opportunities Programme courses at Hopuhopu. Three courses began operation in January. Centre staff met regularly with management providing advice and consultation on course operations, New Zealand Qualification Authority registration and accreditation, budgeting, preparation of proposals for new courses, and meetings with the Education and Training Support Agency.
Early in 1993, the Tainui Maaori Trust Board devolved authority for health functions to Raukura Hauora. Raukura Hauora is now established as an independent trust based at Ngaa Miro and is funded by the Regional Health Authority. It has its own administrat ion and a client base of more than 4,000 which should ensure continued funding without Board involvement. With this devolution of responsibility, Raukura Hauora also assumed responsibility for the research and development role previously carried out by th e Centre.
With the Resource Management Act now in full operation, the focus of the Centre shifted from its previous concern that Maaori groups should be encouraged and facilitated to work through the opportunities it provides. More time was spent this year with loc al and regional authorities as the preparation of District, Regional and Coastal Plans moved rapidly toward the publication and submission stages. By the end of this year most plans have been promulgated and were on the way toward final form.
The Centre prepared an application to the Foundation for Research Science and Technology for funding to undertake a comprehensive review of the Maaori sections and provisions in all of these plans, nationally. For this the Trust Board will provide the te am of researchers with facilities and support and the Centre will be the contact point with other University researchers.
Much of the environmental work in the Centre this year focussed upon water because it is likely to become the next resource to require legislative regulation. Already there is extensive discussion of water in many of the reports of the Waitangi Tribunal, but the allocation of water remains largely unregulated except under the particular policies of regional authorities. Maaori perspectives are not legislatively included and issues are arising which are becoming acute, particularly where spiritual and cul tural considerations are added to water quality regulation. The issues extend from dairy-shed effluent discharges in particular localities, through hydro and geothermal generation rights, to custodianship of large inland lakes and estuaries. The Crown den ies ownership of water but acts as though it is the sole proprietor. Privatisation of water as a commodity is not beyond contemplation as water becomes a scarcer and therefore tradeable commodity. This issue needs continued research attention.
A further preoccupation this year has been the growing debate over the Crown estate. Maaori consider this virtually the only readily available land supply for the settlement of land claims where the Ôland for land' principle applies. Where the Crown esta te is in national parks the pre-emptive right of general ownership is being vigorously asserted by a variety of environmental and recreational pressure groups. These groups are usually referred to as the "third party" lobbyists and they need to remember t hat Maaori signed the Treaty with the Crown. The detailed end of this argument is the search by local hapuu and tribes to re-establish control over their historical mountains and other significant lands.
The 1993 quota tender round has ended. The Area One Consortium of which Tainui is a member took the Maaori Fisheries Commission to the High Court. Area One sought a more equitable distribution principle than the manamoana-manawhenua principle which had be en used in earlier rounds. As a result Tainui quota increased from 200 tonnes in 1992 to 6,500 tonnes in 1993.
The Centre played a major role in the consortium and the court hearing, facilitating research on the settlement and the legal implications of the hearing.
Work is currently in train to define a process whereby those tribal members who wish to get into the business and activity of fishing can be assisted to do so by the Tainui waka fishing company. Training programmes are currently being negotiated and relat ionships have been established with existing processing plants. By the time the 1994 tender round is in place it is hoped that Tainui will have a more co-ordinated policy and programme for getting Tainui people fishing. The Centre is actively working with the Board toward this result.
The Centre was commissioned by the Tainui Maaori Trust Board in 1992 to undertake research on its claim to the Waitangi Tribunal in respect to the forests at Maramarua and Onewhero. The claim is part of the Trust Board's raupatu negotiations with the Cro wn and is brought under the Crown Forest Assets Act 1989. The report was completed in March 1993 for presentation to the Waitangi Tribunal for a recommendation that the forestry lands be returned to Tainui and title vested in Pootatau Te Wherowhero, the f irst Maaori King. The Tribunal has yet to make its recommendations and the Trust Board is still continuing its negotiations with the Crown for the return of these lands.
A standing committee of Council comprising representatives from the 16 iwi authorities within the University catchment area, Te Roopu Manukura met twice this year and discussed a number of issues. In particular, they endorsed the establishment of a School for Maaori and Pacific Development, provided input into Paetawhiti and supported the appointment of Te Wharehuia Milroy to the Professorship in Maaori.
One of the aims of Te Roopu Manukura is to increase over the next few years, the Committee's input and influence into the overall life of the University generally, and, in particular, encourage participation by iwi.
Despite concerted efforts to solicit outside funding for the Academic Advisory Centre, funding for 1993 depended upon sources from within the University of Waikato. Each of the seven Schools of Study contributed funds to employ student advisors from each School, and the Centre for Maaori Studies and Research advanced $15,000 to cover the salary of the part-time co-ordinator and other administrative costs. In June, the University made $15,000 available for administration, and the initial advance was return ed to the Centre.
The name of the Maaori Student Support Centre was changed to Maaori Student Academic Advisory Centre so that the name of the service would better reflect the type of service offered.
The Working Party, tasked to develop the School proposal, has discussed a range of issues relating to the purpose, composition and organisation of the proposed School, its mission statement and the timetable for implementation. Other issues discussed have included relationships with existing schools, departments and programmes, the structure of degrees and diplomas to be awarded and relationships with iwi and the wider community.
In February of this year Management Forum requested a progress report on deliberations to date. Management Forum sought the Working Party's view on the name of the School, a preliminary mission statement and the appointment of a Foundation Dean.
The name proposed for the School, Te Pua Waananga ki te Ao, implies the unfolding (blossoming) of learning to all people (the universe). For non-Maaori speakers the English name, The School of Maaori and Pacific Development, provides a focus on Maaori wit hin a regional and international perspective. Both Maaori and English names would be used.
The draft mission statement provides that the School through its teaching, research and communication activities, will -
The Working Party is of the view that a Foundation Dean be appointed as soon as possible to provide academic and administrative leadership during the formative stages of the School and that the appointment be of an interim capacity for a fixed term of two years.
In May of this year a Working Party Retreat was held at the Hopuhopu Conference Centre to develop a Strategic Plan for the proposed School. A final document was produced in June of this year and presented to the University Boards of Study for consideratio n and feedback. To date response has been received from the Schools of Social Science and Humanities and the Working Party is addressing the concerns expressed.
Over the 20 year period of the Centre's life the range of issues dealt with by the Centre has expanded considerably and the need for space for research offices and archives has increased. The Centre has the opportunity to undertake a number of new project s and contracts but requires additional office/research space, not readily available on campus. The Centre's view is that, in order to provide for these additional research contracts, relocation of part of the Centre's functions to low cost rental accommo dation off site is desirable.
Plans have been drawn to refurbish a building at the Hopuhopu Complex for the Centre's operations. Currently a proposal is before the University for consideration.
The Centre has throughout the year had an input into the Waikato University Law School. Centre staff presented a paper on raupatu and the role of the Tainui Maaori Trust Board at a Law School seminar and also contributed a paper on electoral reform at a p ublic lecture. Various reports and research papers have also been presented to the School for resource materials. Shane Solomon, legal researcher at the Centre, has been appointed a part-time lecturer at the Law School in Maaori Land Law and Commercial Law papers.
Under the 1991-92 contract with the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology, videotaped interviews with eight Tainui kuia were completed, and two interviews were fully transcribed in Maaori and translated into English. Under the 1992-93 contract, seven additional videotaped interviews have been completed, and editing of manuscripts for publication is underway.
Transcriptions and translations of interviews with two Tainui kuia were presented to two publishers. Both publishers responded favourably. After initial editing of the manuscripts, a formal proposal was submitted to the Learning Media Division of the Mini stry of Education. When agreement is reached with Learning Media or another publisher, the final editing will be undertaken. Completed manuscripts will be ready for publication in 1994.
In mid-1993, the Department of Statistics made data available from the 1991 Census on iwi affiliations of all individuals of Maaori descent. The University of Waikato Library purchased Supermap 3, a computer programme to assist in analysis of 1991 Census information, and Te Puni Kookiri contracted the Centre for Maaori Studies and Research to produce reports for the 14 iwi authorities within the University of Waikato catchment area. The analysis and report for the Tainui confederation of tribes was comple ted, and analysis and reporting for the remaining iwi authorities in the catchment area were underway at year's end.
Prior to 1992, the Centre was able to apply directly to FORST for research funding from the Public Good Science Fund and the Centre was successful in obtaining funding for two years for the Tainui Kuia Life Histories Project. However, in 1992 the system w as restructured so that only a limited number of applications could be put forward from the University of Waikato.
In 1992, the Centre submitted a proposal for a case study of an urban secondary school where a demonstration project would be aimed at improving Maaori retention at the secondary level, but this proposal was not put forward to FORST by the University. In 1993, the same proposal was resubmitted, and the University approved it for submission to FORST.
In addition, the Centre collaborated in 1993 with the Tainui Maaori Trust Board to submit a proposal for FORST funding for a programme of study of Maaori participation in the Resource Management Act. A decision by FORST on funding for both the proposed pr ogrammes will be announced in May 1994.
Nicholas Flanders of the Institute of Arctic Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, joined the Centre for six months. Dr Flanders' specialty is indigenous peoples and natural resource management. His work focussed on the Maaori interest in fr eshwater fisheries and eels in particular. Eels are an important customary fishery and are used not only for personal consumption but also to support the functions of the marae.
Over the last 20 years, a commercial eel fishery has developed. Maaori have, by-and-large, been excluded from this commercial development. Under the Deed of Settlement for the fisheries claim, Maaori will get 20 percent of any newly created quota. This wi ll apply to eels, which are not currently under quota. What form the Maaori quota should take, the health of the eel stock, the relationship with the customary fishery, and the development of value-added enterprises are the primary questions surrounding e el management. Dr Flanders will complete his report in the new year.
Among the other areas in which he contributed to Centre work were water rights, regulation of customary and traditional fishing, the Resource Management Act, land negotiations, and the allocation of quota under Te Ohu Kai Moana.
The Centre is grateful for the support of the NZ-US Educational Foundation and the excellent contribution Dr Flanders made to the work of the Centre during his brief tenure here.
The following graduate students were supervised by Centre staff:
Kim Barclay-Kerr
Bryan Mac Lean
Haupai Puke
Ka raranga ngaa hau ki te muri
Ka whakapuke ngaa tai o te moana
He tai mihi tangata kua riro ki te poo,
Nooreira haere ngaa mate, haere, haere, haere.
Te Arikinui,
Ngaa iwi, ngaa reo,
Ngaa huihuinga taangata,
Ngaa Tumuaki katoa o ngaa waahanga o te "Whare".
Teenei ta koutou mookai o roto i te Whare Waananga o Waikato, e mihi poto atu nei kia koutou katoa, e whakaatuatu nei i eetehi o ngaa kaupapa Maaori i kawea i teenei tau, aa, i runga anoo hoki i o taatou tikanga Maaori.
E mihi ana anoo ki ngaa marae i kaha nei ki te aawhina mai i ngaa wawata o Te Whare Waananga kia whakawhiwhia o taatou tauira ki o raatou tohu maatauranga, ki runga i ngaa marae. Na koutou te kaha, i puuaawai ai ngaa whakaaro, nooreira ngaa mihi nui kia koutou ki ngaa ringawera, aa, tae noa ki ngaa kaumaatua noho o te paepae, koutou katoa e manaaki nei i te iti, i te rahi.
Nooreira, noho ora mai koutou katoa i raro i ngaa manaakitanga a te Matua nui i te rangi.
Na Te Waea
5 January Dedication of the Student Medical Centre
1 February Poowhiri, Bill Anderson, Head of Maaori Department,
School of Education, Te Kohinga Marama Marae
12 February Law School Inquiry
13 February Law School Inquiry
19 March Law School Inquiry
29 March Te Roopu Manukura Committee meeting
Poowhiri, Ngai Tuuhoe
30 March Appointments Committee, Chair in Maaori
17 April University Graduation Ceremony, Tuurangawaewae Marae
17 May Meeting Hopuhopu, Paetawhiti, Vice-Chancellor, Norman Kingsbury
5 July Dedication and opening of extensions to the Language Institute and carving
6 July Meeting for 1994 Graduation Ceremony, Registrar,
23 July Meeting with Registrar
3 September Dedication of carving in School of Management
27 September Meeting to discuss opening of NIWA building
13 October Meeting of VC Appointment Committee
18 October Opening of NIWA building
Meeting with Registrar
10 November Meeting of VC Appointment Committee
15 November Dedication of new Library extension
17 November Meeting of VC Appointment Committee
1 December Meeting of VC Appointment Committee
8 December Meeting of VC Appointment Committee
9 December Dedication of carving in Landcare Building
Official opening of Landcare building
22 December Meeting of VC Appointment Committee
The Centre joins with the University in extending its best wishes to Professor James Ritchie who retired this year. James was a Foundation Professor of this University and a strong advocate for the establishment of a Maaori research centre on this campus.
He trained at Victoria University under Professor Ernest Beaglehole. His doctorate was a study of social impact of the Kaingaroa Forest and industrial developments on local Maaori communities which became one of the first detailed studies of what is now c alled Social Impact Assessment. He undertook post-doctoral studies as a Rockefeller Foundation Fellow at the Universities of Harvard and Columbia and at the London School of Economics which focussed on traditional systems and rapid social change and the p rocess of modernisation.
James has been an ardent advocate for the Centre since his appointment as a Foundation Professor to this University in 1964. His enthusiasm and encouragement toward the Centre since its establishment in 1972 have not waned over the years. Indeed, once he found the time to direct his energies towards Maaori development he made substantial contributions to policy formation particularly in respect of community development, employment, development of economic enterprises, education and training. Appreciation of his commitment and contribution to the work of the Centre is probably best encapsulated in the following:
"James Ritchie has mourned with our people in the valleys of Waikato and beyond. He has become like a shoemaker, a blacksmith or a carpenter among us. He has helped to build the house we raised from the patate and the hiinau, the lesser trees of Taawhiao's forest..."The Centre celebrated James' retirement at Hopuhopu with a function and presentation of a toki pounamu. It seems fitting at this point to perhaps seek James' own views on his association with the Centre over the years. He writes:
My association with the Centre has been a personal one (what else could it be!) in the important sense that I brought to its formulation notions which have been with me for some time. I had been acquainted with three major programmes in action anthropolo gy in the United States: Clyde Kluckhohn's work with the Navaho, Alan Holmberg's programme to transform the campasinos of the hacienda Vicos in Venezuela into land owning co-operatives, and the work Sol Tax and others had been doing in the Fox project. N one of these now survive as programmes whereas the Centre here does.
I will not dwell on negative aspects of this comparison but, to greatly oversimplify, Kluckhohn was like a loner of the wild west, social and political change overtook the Vicos project so that it became tangled in hostility towards socialist innovation a nd the Fox project was never really more than the Tax project. All the instigators are now dead and none of their initiatives became institutionalised. I knew from my reading of Durkheim that innovation without institutionalisation would never survive.
This Centre managed to institutionalise itself in both cultures in meaningful ways by embedding itself in existing institutions eg. the University, Trust Boards and Kiingitanga and through the understanding and support of significant individuals at the he ad of these abiding establishments.
During the eight years that led up to its final birth, years of struggle and advocacy, it also had to clarify both its purpose and the nature of the work it would undertake. We call that action research. Almost everyone around us already had a definitio n, a set of procedures, criteria and ways of evaluating what they called research. What we were doing looked like some kind of social service to some. To others it looked dangerously like political involvement even activism. We ourselves had a strong i deological grip on what we had to do; we were issue driven, people driven and outcome driven from the very start. We worked as these demanded of us leaving time and personal priorities to work out as best they may. Nor did we give much concern to where our funding might come from - with occasional frightening consequences for the wider University administration.
We must always be grateful for the trust that allowed us to develop this style of operation for that trust determined our freedom, and that freedom allowed us to become meaningful to the people in terms which they directly understood.
The record which we have left behind us is not so much in papers and reports as in the measurable progress which the people have made, particularly over the last decade. Where before there were only tens of people capable of tackling the complex tasks of tribal development, now there are hundreds, perhaps thousands. As well as people there is the whole conceptual framework of development and now many, many models of things going well.
One does not always need new challenges (though they are always there if you do). We do not always need all the requests that come to us! But what we do need to keep is that judicious sense of response that has kept us in touch with what is just about t o happen in the Maaori world, that sense of what is needed to release energies to get over the gap of information lack or manoeuvre around some hump of opposition.
I wish the Centre well and depart with the greatest of confidence in its future.
This report details the particulars of the Centre's activities over the past twelve months. The major areas of research related to the Maaori perspective and involvement in resource issues and asset return. The Centre anticipates that these issues will be the main focus of Maaori concern and development for the next decade.
The Centre continues its involvement in the establishment of the School of Maaori and Pacific Development and hopes that substantial progress will be made next year to bring this proposal to fruition.
Resources and space are a growing problem campus-wide as student numbers increase. The Centre has indicated its willingness to help alleviate the shortage of space by taking advantage of inexpensive rental accommodation off-campus.
Finally, the Centre wishes to record its appreciation to all those who have contributed or helped in this year. As in the past, we are grateful to the Vice-Chancellor for his unstinting support, to Te Roopu Manukura for their contribution, to the Tainui M aaori Trust Board for providing resources when required, to colleagues, friends, and last but not least, to staff and associates for their cooperation and commitment.
Kia ora taatou
R T Mahuta
Director
Financial Statement of Income and Expenditure for Period 1 January 1993 to 31 December 1993
INCOME/ALLOCATIONS IN:
Income:
Publication Sales 815.00
Sundry Income 16,454.00
17,269.00
Allocation Income
Running Grant 280,000.00
Research-Indirects 14,970.00
Miscellaneous Reallocations 61,613.00
Previous Balance Reallocation (5,215.00)
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TOTAL INCOME $368,637.00
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EXPENDITURE:
Salary
Academic 242,440.00
General 58,475.00
Salary Support Services
Appointment & Recruitment Expenses 480.00
ACC Levy 4,518.00
Conference/Professional Fees 629.00
Superannuation 4,280.00
Travel & Accommodation 4,055.00
Working Meals 360.00
General Expenses
Fulbright Fellowship 0.00
Miscellaneous 3,817.00
Ext cost of Publications 9,560.00
Materials and Services
Departmental Books and Periodicals 1,071.00
Equipment Maintenance 3,138.00
Materials 703.00
Equipment/Furniture 17,068.00
Printing, Stationery & Photocopying 8,505.00
Postage, Telephones & Facsimile 8,659.00
External Services
External Database/Software 771.00
Equipment Hire 108.00
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TOTAL EXPENDITURE $368,637.00
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International
1993
"The Establishment of a School of Maaori and Pacific Development at the University of Waikato", H W Pohatu. S R Solomon (attendance).
National
"Water as a Bicultural Issue", J E Ritchie.
Mahuta, R T, 1993, Maaori of New Zealand. In State of the Peoples: A Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. Miller, Marc S, Project Director. Pp 105-106, Boston, Beacon Press.
Harrison, Barbara, 1993, Building Our House from the Rubbish Tree: Minority Directed Education. In Minority Education: Anthropological Perspectives. Jacob, Evelyn and Cathie Jordan, Eds. Pp 147-164, New York, Ablex.
Mahuta, Robert, 1993, Maaori Perspectives in Resource Planning Practice. In Boyce, Wendy, Neil Eriksen and Naretta Hingley. Eds. Regional Resource Futures Conference Proceedings. Hamilton, Pp 164-174.
Ritchie, James, 1993, Intimate Spaces. In NZILA Conference Proceedings. N Z Institute of Landscape Architects Conference. Wellington, Pp 16-31.
Staff, Centre for Maaori Studies and Research, 1993, Resource Management: Iwi Participation: Who Pays? In Boyce, Wendy, Neil Eriksen and Naretta Hingley, Eds. Regional Resource Futures Conference Proceedings. Hamilton, Pp 175-180.
Mahuta, Robert Te Kotahi, 1993, Quivering Differences: Maaori-White Relationships in New Zealand. American Indian Culture and Research Journal 17(1):55-78.
Barnhardt, Ray, and Barbara Harrison, 1993, Strategies of Education in Indigenous Communities. Discourse 14(1):89-99.
Ritchie, J E, 1993, Beyond the Treaty, New Zealand Psychologists Bulletin, No 76:10-11.
Tainui Claims to Onewhero and Maramarua Forests, A Report to the Crown Forestry Rental Trust, Tainui Maaori Trust Board and Centre for Maaori Studies and Research, 1993.
Intimate Spaces, J E Ritchie, New Zealand Institute of Landscape Architects Conference, Wellington, 19-20 February 1993.
Tainui and the Kiingitanga Movement, R T Mahuta, Law School Seminar Series, Justice, Biculturalism and the Politics of Difference, University of Waikato, 26 March 1993.
Maaori Participation in Tertiary Education, R T Mahuta, Tertiary Education Conference, Wellington, 13-14 April 1993.
Community Based Vocational Training in New Zealand, Economic Development or Cultural Imperialism, B G Harrison, International Conference on Higher Education and Indigenous People, Vancouver/Anchorage, 25 May-1 June 1993.
The Establishment of a School of Maaori and Pacific Development at the University of Waikato, H W Pohatu, International Conference on Higher Education and Indigenous People, Vancouver/Anchorage, 25 May-1 June 1993
Biculturalism & Leadership, R T Mahuta, Talk to MBA Programme, School of Management Studies, University of Waikato, 3 July 1993
Education and Training, A Maaori Perspective, R T Mahuta, Waikato Polytechnic Winter Lecture Series, Hamilton, 29 July 1993
Water, Waitangi, Work, J E Ritchie, Ministry for the Environment Seminar Series on The Environment, The Treaty and Natural Resources, Wellington, 4 August 1993
Constitutional Reforms and the Mixed Member Proportional System, S R Solomon, Law School Seminar Series, Justice, Biculturalism and the Politics of Difference, University of Waikato, 4 September 1993
The Right to Development, J E Ritchie, Presented to Iwi Water Rights Hui-a-Iwi, Whanganui River Maaori Trust Board, Taumarunui, 18-19 September 1993
Taharoa C - A Case Study, R T Mahuta, Presented to Conference on Opportunities in Iwi Resource Development, Wellington, 23 September 1993
Maaori Student Support Services: The Model at University of Waikato, P Rata, National Maaori Liaison Officers and Tutors Seminar, Heretaunga, Wellington, 22-24 September, 1993
Training and Education Aims and Objectives of Maaori Fisheries Commission, R T Mahuta, Economic Development Strategies for Maaori in Industry, Hopuhopu, 1 October 1993
Raupatu, R T Mahuta, New Zealand Institute of Surveyor's Conference, River Land and People, Hamilton, 18 October 1993
Water as a Bicultural Issue, J E Ritchie, New Zealand Institute of Surveyors Conference, River, Land & People, Hamilton, 18 October 1993
Strategic Planning, A Traditional Maaori Concept with a New Name, R T Mahuta, Iwi Commercial and Economic Development Conference, Ki Tua O Te Arai Trust, Te Rapa, 24-27 November 1993.
Two Worlds: First Meetings between Maaori and Europeans by Anne Salmond. Viking Books, 1992. $69.00. Reviewed by J E Ritchie, Ethnohistory 1993 40:154-157.
Entangled Objects: Exchange, Material Culture and Colonialism in the Pacific by Nicholas Thomas, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1991. $14.95. Reviewed by J E Ritchie, Ethnohistory 1993 40:163-164.
Te Waimana: The Spring of Mana: Tuuhoe History and the Colonial Encounter by Jeffrey Sissons, University of Otago Press, Dunedin, New Zealand, 1991. $39.95. Reviewed by J E Ritchie, Ethnohistory 1993 40:348-350.